DNS
De Bricosoft.
Vous n'êtes pas sans ignorer que le système des noms de domaine (Domain name system, DNS) traduit les numéros d'adresses internet en noms car c'est déjà plus facile à retenir ;) comme 8.8.8.8 qui est google-public-dns-a.google.com, ah non là c'est un mauvais exemple. Mais en IPv6, essayez de retenir que 2001:500:88:200::8 est iana.org, c'est moins facile.
Liste des types d'enregistrements
DNS fournit accessoirement une base de données redondante, distribuée et hiérarchique pour les attributs d'un nom de domaine et d'adresses internet.
| Type | Value (entier) | RFC correspondante | Description | Fonction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1 | RFC 1035[1] | addresse | Renvoi une adresse IPv4 sur 32 bits. Utilisée principalement pour traduire un nom d'hôte vers son adresse IP. Cela peut-être aussi utilisé pour les listes noires (DNSBL), stocker un masque de sous-réseau (RFC 1101), etc. |
| AAAA | 28 | RFC 3596[2] | IPv6 address record | Returns a 128-bit IPv6 address, most commonly used to map hostnames to an IP address of the host. |
| AFSDB | 18 | RFC 1183 | AFS database record | Location of database servers of an AFS cell. This record is commonly used by AFS clients to contact AFS cells outside their local domain. A subtype of this record is used by the obsolete DCE/DFS file system. |
| APL | 42 | RFC 3123 | Address Prefix List | Specify lists of address ranges, e.g. in CIDR format, for various address families. Experimental. |
| CERT | 37 | RFC 4398 | Certificate record | Stores PKIX, SPKI, PGP, etc. |
| CNAME | 5 | RFC 1035[1] | Canonical name record | Alias of one name to another: the DNS lookup will continue by retrying the lookup with the new name. |
| DHCID | 49 | RFC 4701 | DHCP identifier | Used in conjunction with the FQDN option to DHCP |
| DLV | 32769 | RFC 4431 | DNSSEC Lookaside Validation record | For publishing DNSSEC trust anchors outside of the DNS delegation chain. Uses the same format as the DS record. RFC 5074 describes a way of using these records. |
| DNAME | 39 | RFC 2672 | delegation name | DNAME creates an alias for a name and all its subnames, unlike CNAME, which aliases only the exact name in its label. Like the CNAME record, the DNS lookup will continue by retrying the lookup with the new name. |
| DNSKEY | 48 | RFC 4034 | DNS Key record | The key record used in DNSSEC. Uses the same format as the KEY record. |
| DS | 43 | RFC 4034 | Delegation signer | The record used to identify the DNSSEC signing key of a delegated zone |
| HIP | 55 | RFC 5205 | Host Identity Protocol | Method of separating the end-point identifier and locator roles of IP addresses. |
| IPSECKEY | 45 | RFC 4025 | IPSEC Key | Key record that can be used with IPSEC |
| KEY | 25 | RFC 2535[3] and RFC 2930[4] | key record | Used only for SIG(0) (RFC 2931) and TKEY (RFC 2930).[5] RFC 3445 eliminated their use for application keys and limited their use to DNSSEC.[6] RFC 3755 designates DNSKEY as the replacement within DNSSEC.[7] |
| KX | 36 | RFC 2230 | Key eXchanger record | Used with some cryptographic systems (not including DNSSEC) to identify a key management agent for the associated domain-name. Note that this has nothing to do with DNS Security. It is Informational status, rather than being on the IETF standards-track. It has always had limited deployment, but is still in use. |
| LOC | 29 | RFC 1876 | Location record | Specifies a geographical location associated with a domain name |
| MX | 15 | RFC 1035[1] | mail exchange record | Maps a domain name to a list of message transfer agents for that domain |
| NAPTR | 35 | RFC 3403 | Naming Authority Pointer | Allows regular expression based rewriting of domain names which can then be used as URIs, further domain names to lookups, etc. |
| NS | 2 | RFC 1035[1] | name server record | Delegates a DNS zone to use the given authoritative name servers |
| NSEC | 47 | RFC 4034 | Next-Secure record | Part of DNSSEC—used to prove a name does not exist. Uses the same format as the (obsolete) NXT record. |
| NSEC3 | 50 | RFC 5155 | NSEC record version 3 | An extension to DNSSEC that allows proof of nonexistence for a name without permitting zonewalking |
| NSEC3PARAM | 51 | RFC 5155 | NSEC3 parameters | Parameter record for use with NSEC3 |
| PTR | 12 | RFC 1035[1] | pointer record | Pointer to a canonical name. Unlike a CNAME, DNS processing does NOT proceed, just the name is returned. The most common use is for implementing reverse DNS lookups, but other uses include such things as DNS-SD. |
| RRSIG | 46 | RFC 4034 | DNSSEC signature | Signature for a DNSSEC-secured record set. Uses the same format as the SIG record. |
| RP | 17 | RFC 1183 | Responsible person | Information about the responsible person(s) for the domain. Usually an email address with the @ replaced by a . |
| SOA | 6 | RFC 1035[1] | start of authority record | Specifies authoritative information about a DNS zone, including the primary name server, the email of the domain administrator, the domain serial number, and several timers relating to refreshing the zone. |
| SPF | 99 | RFC 4408 | Sender Policy Framework | Specified as part of the SPF protocol in preference to the earlier provisional practice of storing SPF data in TXT records. Uses the same format as the earlier TXT record. |
| SRV | 33 | RFC 2782 | Service locator | Generalized service location record, used for newer protocols instead of creating protocol-specific records such as MX. |
| SSHFP | 44 | RFC 4255 | SSH Public Key Fingerprint | Resource record for publishing SSH public host key fingerprints in the DNS System, in order to aid in verifying the authenticity of the host. |
| TA | 32768 | Modèle:N/a | DNSSEC Trust Authorities | Part of a deployment proposal for DNSSEC without a signed DNS root. See the IANA database and Weiler Spec for details. Uses the same format as the DS record. |
| TKEY | 249 | RFC 2930 | secret key record | A method of providing keying material to be used with TSIG that is encrypted under the public key in an accompanying KEY RR.[8] |
| TSIG | 250 | RFC 2845 | Transaction Signature | Can be used to authenticate dynamic updates as coming from an approved client, or to authenticate responses as coming from an approved recursive name server[9] similar to DNSSEC. |
| TXT | 16 | RFC 1035[1] | Text record | Originally for arbitrary human-readable text in a DNS record. Since the early 1990s, however, this record more often carries machine-readable data, such as specified by RFC 1464, opportunistic encryption, Sender Policy Framework (although this provisional use of TXT records is deprecated in favor of SPF records), DomainKeys, DNS-SD, etc. |
| * | 255 | RFC 1035[1] | All cached records | Returns all records of all types known to the name server. If the name server does not have any information on the name, the request will be forwarded on. The records returned may not be complete. For example, if there is both an A and an MX for a name, but the name server has only the A record cached, only the A record will be returned. Sometimes referred to as "ANY", for example in Windows nslookup and Wireshark. |
| AXFR | 252 | RFC 1035[1] | Authoritative Zone Transfer | Transfer entire zone file from the master name server to secondary name servers. |
| IXFR | 251 | RFC 1995 | Incremental Zone Transfer | Requests a zone transfer of the given zone but only differences from a previous serial number. This request may be ignored and a full (AXFR) sent in response if the authoritative server is unable to fulfill the request due to configuration or lack of required deltas. |
| OPT | 41 | RFC 2671 | Option | This is a "pseudo DNS record type" needed to support EDNS |
- ↑ 1,0, 1,1, 1,2, 1,3, 1,4, 1,5, 1,6, 1,7 et 1,8 Modèle:Cite web
- ↑ Modèle:Cite web
- ↑ RFC 2535, §3
- ↑ RFC 3445, §1. "The KEY RR was defined in [RFC 2930]..."
- ↑ RFC 2931, §2.4. "SIG(0) on the other hand, uses public key authentication, where the public keys are stored in DNS as KEY RRs and a private key is stored at the signer."
- ↑ RFC 3445, §1. "DNSSEC will be the only allowable sub-type for the KEY RR..."
- ↑ RFC 3755, §3. "DNSKEY will be the replacement for KEY, with the mnemonic indicating that these keys are not for application use, per [RFC3445]. RRSIG (Resource Record SIGnature) will replace SIG, and NSEC (Next SECure) will replace NXT. These new types completely replace the old types, except that SIG(0) [RFC2931] and TKEY [RFC2930] will continue to use SIG and KEY."
- ↑ RFC 2930, §6. "... the keying material is sent within the key data field of a TKEY RR encrypted under the public key in an accompanying KEY RR [RFC 2535]."
- ↑ RFC 2845, abstract
